Everything about Extrachromosomal Dna totally explained
Extrachromosomal DNA (sometimes called extranuclear DNA or nonchromosomal DNA) is
DNA located or maintained in a
cell apart from the
chromosomes.
In many cases, extrachromosomal DNA is contained in
cytoplasmic organelles, such as
mitochondria (animals), and in
chloroplasts and
plastids (plants). Extrachromosomal DNA can also be found in the
plasmids of
bacteria, or in
intracellular parasites such as
viruses.
Certain types of cells (such as
cancer cells and cells maintained in
artificial culture) are known to acquire extrachromosomal DNA which provides them a selective advantage for growth under specific conditions. One example being the extrachromosomal
double minutes which have been shown to contain
oncogenes and provide growth enhancement in certain cancers. Extrachromosomal DNA sometimes contains
addiction modules, a system that mediates
cell death.
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